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將生活轉譯到藝術裡        文/莊偉慈

 

一幅能打動人心的畫作不只是讓我們聯想到生活,而是本身必須要擁有生命力,能夠反映出生活的某些層面。

——路西安.佛洛伊德(Lucian Freud)

 

  有好幾年的時間,王亮尹描繪的主題都放在食物上面。從早期描繪蔬果、餐點,到2007之後聚焦在甜點,大面積的色彩、滴流的技法、刻意留下的鉛筆底稿痕跡,王亮尹在技法上的成熟,和她所構築出來的畫面合諧得像是悅耳的二重奏。而就像幾位從台北藝術大學畢業的年輕藝術家一樣,王亮尹幾乎是從研究所畢業的前後,就已經受到市場的矚目。她描繪的甜點精緻輕巧,像是甜點店內櫃上真實的食物,但經過藝術家的畫筆轉譯過後,圖象本身已脫離寫實描繪,在色彩的鋪陳之下,屬於極度繪畫性的特質,被王亮尹筆下層層疊疊的顏料所突顯。

 

  王亮尹筆下的甜點固然是對於現實生活中的「物」的寫實描繪,然而她處理的方式讓其作品就像是被細心拋光後的金屬一般,在精準之外,某些帶有情感的痕跡也一併被掩埋起來。越是成熟的技巧、完美的畫面,有時候也許也正暗喻了創作者的隱身或刻意消除屬於自己情感面的一些什麼。

 

  對此,王亮尹並不否認,對她而言,畫甜點永遠都比畫人物來得容易得多。「畫人物,很難避免與描繪對象『面對面』的時候,特別是我早期的肖像畫多是描繪親人與朋友,對我而言,最困難的就是在眼神上的處理,因為那會牽引出心裡許多複雜的情緒與情感,要我直接跳出來就把自己攤開在畫布前面,實在是太困難。」雖然「移情」的概念在討論藝術創作中時時可見,但王亮尹認為,在無法平衡處理情感與創作之間的重心,也拿捏不好距離的時候,描繪人物並不恰當。因此甜點系列的作品,王亮尹前前後後畫了約有五年的時間,無論是題材的處理或技巧上的掌握,觀者都不難看出創作者的嫺熟與其天份所在。

 

  當然,太過專注於技巧上的表現,是容易流於空洞的危險的。所謂創作的整體,也包含了創作者的心靈與其對藝術的關注層面。一成不變的繪畫風格很容易走入死胡同,更扼殺了藝術家的創作力。王亮尹意識到這一點的同時,其創作歷程與生命經驗也正好有了轉變,「原本的繪畫模式,已經變得不合時宜,雖然我也可以繼續畫甜點,可是如此地持續創造出甜美的幻象,似乎不是現在的我想要在創作這條路上繼續做的事情。」

 

  在這段過程中,王亮尹質問自己的生命、與自己對話,也思索藝術之於自己的意義。生活上的轉變,很明顯地直接與王亮尹的創作有了更明顯的連結,因此,雖然從技法上還是可以看到屬於王亮尹的藝術語彙,然而就主題與藝術性的展現層面而言,王亮尹的繪畫在這兩年確實轉出一個新的方向,開始與她所關注的、與她的生命有更深一層的對話。儘管情感本身並不是構成一副精彩作品所必須具備的條件,但不能否認的是,在王亮尹的新作之中,創作者本身的情感就像那些滴流的顏料或被潑灑在畫布上的色彩那般,以更為鮮明的痕跡攤在畫面上。也許在這裡可以借用英國畫家培根曾經說過的:「藝術如果需要創新並永保新意,它需要打開『情感的閥門』。」而這也正是王亮尹創作轉向的關鍵。

 

  在2014年王亮尹於台北市立美術館舉辦的個展中,為大家所熟悉的甜點題材並沒有缺席,只是這些甜點的狀態被藝術家所改變了:他們不再光鮮亮麗,而是被摔爛、被封閉、被隔離,有些物件(慶生會使用的配件)以小尺寸的方式呈現,脫離了主題式的描繪,成為展場中的配角。其中《重複的願望_甜美的來生》,是一個被摔爛且破碎的蛋糕,深紫色的顏料襯托著華麗的殘敗,也許對於藝術家本人而言,這件作品具有濃厚的宣示性的味道——與過去描繪漂亮甜點的自己告別。這件作品在畫面的精緻、繪畫的技巧性都無庸置疑,然而藝術家在其中所傳達的關於苦澀、破敗的真實感,卻給予觀者更多的震撼與對於生命的聯想。

 

  描繪主題的轉向,也是王亮尹在創作上的挑戰。儘管早期藝術家曾經試著繪製肖像,然而因為她刻意將個人情感抽離,以在畫面上展現出更為純粹的藝術性與繪畫性特質,因此肖像題材一度被擱置。直至2014年個展以「生日快樂」為題,從描繪至親好友的慶生場景開始,才又重新描繪人物。

 

  肖像作品最困難的部份,在於精準捕捉人物內在的個性與精神性,以及將微妙的情緒傳達得恰到好處。不同於一般肖像描繪,王亮尹的方式是直接以拍照擷取慶生場景的片段,再將所捕捉的場景轉繪到畫布上。選擇「慶生」的場合,在於這是最具有同一性且普遍性的特殊時刻,然而,這也是最能觀察到壽星性格的時刻。王亮尹繪製肖像的方式在於借景寫人,無論是〈祝我生日快樂_依庭〉、〈祝我生日快樂_宗宗〉裡,以獨特的構圖與脫離真實空間概念的作法,或是〈祝我生日快樂_元〉或〈祝我生日快樂_蛙〉透過簡化空間與背景的手法,均突顯出人物個性。若說大部分的肖像畫重點在於「寫實」,那麼在王亮尹的肖像作品裡,「真實」才是她的重點所在。

 

  也許,對王亮尹而言,繪畫是一種非常切身的參與,也是關於希望、記憶與感受的一切。透過繪畫,王亮尹得以檢視自我與他人的生命歷程,並將之濃縮如詩一般地簡潔有味;而身為觀眾的我們,也得以從她的圖象中閱讀關於生活的酸甜苦辣,傾聽其日常與例外,並映照出真實的生命樣態。

 

 

 

Transcribing Life into Art                                                                      Chuang Wei-Tzu

A deeply moving painting not only stirs up associations about life; it must possess a sense of vitality and should be able to reflect certain aspects of life. ——Lucian Freud

 

Wang Liang-Yin’s artistic focus has been on food for several years. From her earlier depictions of fruits, vegetables, and other foods to the shift in 2007 to desserts created with large areas of colors, the dripping technique, and the intentionally kept traces of pencil sketching, Wang’s well-versed skills and her paintings blend so perfectly together like a harmonious duet. Like several other young graduates from the Taipei National University of the Arts, Wang also caught the attention of the art market almost immediately upon graduation. The desserts depicted by her are delicately exquisite like real delicacies on display in a pastry shop; however, after the transcription of the artist’s gestures, her images stray from realism, and the treatment of colors with multiple layers of paint creates a highly painterly quality.          

 

Although Wang’s desserts remain as realistic depictions of “objects” found in real life, her approach gives the pieces a polished metallic appeal, and besides the meticulously precise execution, certain sentimental traces seem to also have been buffed away and buried. Underneath the images of matured techniques and perfect executions are implications of the artist’s intention to hide or erase parts of her emotions.   

 

Wang does not deny these assumptions, and she feels that painting desserts are a lot easier than painting people. “It is difficult to avoid ‘fact-to-face’ contacts when painting someone. Many of my earlier portraits were of family and friends, and I find the eyes to be the most difficult. Because of the complex layers of emotions and feelings within, it is very hard for me to open myself up before the canvas.”  Although the concept of “transference” is frequently talked about in art, Wang believes: when balance is unattainable between sentiments and art and the distance between the two is difficult to grasp, it is not appropriate to portray people. Wang has already spent about five years on the dessert series, and it is easy for the audience to see the artist’s maturity and talent from her treatment of the subject matter and technical executions.          

 

When too much focus is placed on technicality, it certainly raises the risk of being void of substance. A comprehensive work of art should embody the artist’s spiritual side and also artistic considerations. A static painting style can easily feel trapped, with the artist’s creativity put on a halt. When Wang realized this, her creative journey and life experience also took on a turn. “My former painting approach became a mismatched for the time. I could have continued to paint desserts, but such continuation to create a sweet illusion is not something that I wish to carry on doing creatively.”       

 

Wang raised questions about her own life and had dialogues with her self during this process, and also contemplated about what art means to her. This shift in life has clearly formed distinctive links with Wang’s art. Therefore, although artistically, Wang’s stylistic vernaculars are still observable, but she has also taken on a new direction in these two years in regards to expressions of the subject and her artistic approach; a deeper dialogue with things that she cares about and also her life has been initiated. Emotions may not be an integral part to an outstanding artwork; however, in Wang’s new artworks, the artist’s personal emotions are undeniably vibrantly painted on the canvases like her uses of dripped or splashed pigments. Francis Bacon’s notion of unlocking the “valves of sensation” to keep art exciting and unique can be applied to this creative transition we see in Wang.         

 

Wang’s well-known dessert pieces are still featured in her solo exhibition at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum in 2014, but these desserts have been changed by the artist, because they are no longer vibrant and glamourous; instead, some are smashed, secluded, and some are in smaller sizes (referring to birthday party accessories).  These pieces have strayed way from thematic portrayals and are now regarded as supporting roles in the setting. The piece, The Repeated Wish_ Sweet Hereafter, shows a smashed birthday cake, with deep purple paint applied to accompany the crumbled splendor. Perhaps the artist has created this piece as a form of declaration – to bid farewell to her old self that painted only beautiful sweets. The sophisticated painting techniques demonstrated on this artwork are clearly observed, but the bitter and shattered sense of reality portrayed by the artist sparks more impacts and associations on life in the audience.        

 

The transition with her artistic subject has proven to be a creative challenge for Wang. She has attempted to paint portraits earlier in her career, but the intention to deliberately withdraw personal feelings as to create paintings of more purely artistic and painterly qualities led to a pause in her efforts to paint portraitures. It wasn’t until her 2014 solo exhibition with the theme of “birthdays” that she once again began to paint people with family and friends’ birthday parties as her subjects.  

 

The most challenging aspect with portraitures is to precisely capture the innate personalities and essences of the individuals and to befittingly communicate their delicate emotions. Wang’s approach differs from conventional portrait paintings. She starts by taking photographs at birthday parties and then transfers the captured images to the canvas. The choice with “birthday celebration” is because of the occasion’s special yet homogenous and prevalent qualities, and it is also a time when the person celebration his or her birthday could be best observed. Wang approaches portraits by illustrating the person based on the setting, and this is seen with the pieces Happy Birthday to Me_ Yi-Ting and Happy Birthday to Me_ Ben, which are paintings of unique compositions with a spatial concept based on the detachment from reality. And the paintings, Happy Birthday to Me_ Echo and Happy Birthday to Me_ Yuan, are created with simplified spaces and backgrounds to enhance the characters’ personalities. If the key point to most portraits is the emphasis of “realism”, Wang then treats “reality” as the important factor in her portraiture paintings.       

 

Perhaps Wang sees painting as a very personal engagement, as the act involves hopes, memories, and her overall feelings. Through painting, she is able to look within herself and also other people’s journeys in life, and she then condenses them to take on poetry-like qualities of being succinct yet meaningful. As audience, we are able to read life’s bitter-sweetness through her images and listen to life’s everyday details and also its exceptions, with features of life reflected in a realistic light. 

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